Effects of external dynamic disturbances and structural plane on rock fracturing around deep underground cavern

Abstract The occurrence of disasters in deep mining engineering has been confirmed to be closely related the external dynamic disturbances and geological discontinuities. Thus, a combined finite-element method was employed simulate failure process an underground cavern, which provided insights into mechanism hard rock affected by factors such as stress-wave amplitudes, disturbance direction, dip angles structural plane. crack-propagation process, stress-field distribution, displacement, velocity failed rock, zone around circular cavern were analyzed identify response properties structures. simulation results indicate that direction had less influence on for constant situ stress state, while intensity damage range always exhibited monotonically increasing trend with increase load. crack distribution asymmetric pattern, possibly owing reflection behavior attenuation effect along propagation route. Geological discontinuities significantly stability nearby caverns subjected disturbances, during pattern initial followed decrease angle Additionally, led variations specific planes states. These should integrated excavation unloading effect, conditions, disturbances.